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Why Slug Does Not Work?

Slug is typically used to push mud in the drill string down therefore pipe will dry while pulling out of hole. Dry pipe while pulling out has some advantages as minimizing crew to expose to drilling mud when breaking a connection, reducing time to handle the drill string, etc. Sometimes, even you already pump slug but you still have wet pipe instead of dry pipe. You may wonder why the slug does not work very well.

The following reasons why the slug does not do its job are as follows:

 

• Slug volume is not enough to slug the pipe. Recommended volume is around 25- 40 bbl.

• You should chase slug by pumping mud at least surface volume from mud pump to a rotary table. Otherwise, you will not get desired slug volume in the drillstring because it is still left in the surface volume.

• Weight of slug is not sufficient. As a normal practice, the slug weight should have at least 2 ppg over your current mud weight.

• There is something inside the drill string so the slug could not push mud in the drill string down.

 

If you want to learn more about slug, please read the following articles:

What is slug mud? How much volume and weight of slug mud should be?

Barrels of slug required for desired length of dry pipe

 

 

Slow Circulation Rate (SCR)

Slow Circulation Rate is a circulation rate which will be used in well kill operation. Typically, slow circulation rate pressure (SCR) is recorded from each particular flow rate and the pressure represents pressure loss of the system while circulating. Since there are so many pressure gauges on the rig, you may get confused on the figures. In order to be at the same page for every personnel on the rig, the SCR should be recorded by the pressure gauge that we will use for killing the well.

 

There are a lot of reasons why we should kill the well with slow rate rather than a drilling rate as follows:

 

• To minimize friction pressure

• To allow time to weight up mud if you use wait and weight method

• To reduce pressure on surface equipment

• To allow degasser to separate gas from the mud

• To reduce needs for fast choke operation

• To allow personnel to think if something goes wrong

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Cutting Slip Velocity Calculation Method 2

This is another method to determine cutting slip velocity. The process of calculation is quite different from the first method however it is still straight forward calculation. It still gives you the following answers: annular velocity, cutting slip velocity and net velocity.

 

Let’s get started with this calculation method.

 

1. Determine n

Where;

n is the power law exponent.

Θ600 is a value at 600 viscometer dial reading.

Θ300 is a value at 300 viscometer dial reading.

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Cutting Slip Velocity Calculation Method 1

Cutting slip velocity is velocity of cutting that naturally falls down due to its density. In order to effectively clean the hole, effect of mud flow upward direction and mud properties must be greater than cutting slip velocity (settling tendency of cuttings). Otherwise, cutting will fall down and create cutting bed.

You can learn more detail about it via this topic -> Cutting Slip Velocity

This calculation will show annular velocity, cutting slip velocity and net velocity so you can use as a reference for you hole cleaning indication.

There are 2 calculation methods and I will show the first method via this topic.

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Minimum strength to support casing string

One function of cement is to support casing string and the shear strength of cement holds casing string once cement is set. You may think about other load supporting casing as compressive loading at coupling areas or thermal movement. They are the part of the supporting force as well but the most support is from the cement shear strength.

(Diagram above shows how shear strength of cement supports casing string)

We don’t normally measure shear strength of cement but we can apply knowledge from Civil engineer to estimate the shear strength from the compressive strength. Generally, cement has the shear strength approximately 1/12 of compressive strength. For instant, if the cement 1000 psi compressive strength, its shear strength is 83.3 (1000 x 1/12) psi.

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