Basic Rock Types

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Understanding basic rock types gives you more ideas on how each type of rock is formed and this is a good basic for understanding geology.

Rocks can be classified into three main types which are igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks. Figure 1 shows the relationship between the three main rock types.

 

Figure 1 – Rock Cycle

(Ref Image:  http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/ks3/webdav/site/GSL/shared/images/education_and_careers/RockCycle/Rock%20Cycle%20all%20labels.jpg)

Igneous Rocks

Igneous rocks are the most abundant type of rock on the Earth because it makes up about 70% of all rocks. Minerals such as quartz, plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene and olivine are important types of igneous rocks. Figure 3 illustrates minerals found in common igneous rocks.

Figure 2  – Minerals in Common Igneous Rocks.

(Ref Image:  https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Mineralogy_igneous_rocks_EN.svg/640px-Mineralogy_igneous_rocks_EN.svg.png) Continue reading →

Plate Margins in Oil and Gas Industry

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After learning about the Earth’s structure and Plate Tectonics, it is known that the Earth’s plates move relative to nearby plates; therefore this will result in high geological activities such as volcanic eruptions and earthquakes at the plate margins. It is also possible to have geological activities in the middle of plates, but it is quite uncommon. There are three type of plate margins; convergent, divergent and transform.

Divergent Margins

This happens when the Earth’s plates are moving apart and a new lithosphere is created (Figure 1).  In the oceans, the divergent process has produced the mid-ocean ridge system, which can also be described as a global range of underwater mountains. There are several ocean ridges such as the Juan de Fuca Ridge, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, the Galapagos Rise and the East Pacific Rise. On land, the divergent margins create rift valleys such as the Red Sea and East African Rifts (Figure 2).

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Shell Offshore 101 – One of the best ebooks in oil and gas industry

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Shell Offshore 101 is one of the excellent educational documents which help educate people to understand about the upstream business. All documents are written in simple English with a lot of images which are extremely useful for everyone, especially new people.

In this series, there are nice chapters listed below;

Table of Contents

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Key Financial Ratios Calculation Example

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After learning about key financial ratio from the previous article (Key Financial Ratios To Evaluate Companies
), this article will show an example based on the financial statements of CG Oil Company in 2014.

Figure 1 and Figure 2 are a company balance sheet and profit and loss account, respectively.

Figure 1 - CG Oil Company Balance Sheet

Figure 1 – CG Oil Company Balance Sheet Continue reading →

Key Financial Ratios To Evaluate Companies

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In order to evaluate a company’s financial health, there are some important ratios which will help investors get a clearer picture of companies.

Current Ratio – It is the current assets divided by the current liabilities in a company. This measures the ability of a company to pay current its liabilities over the next 12 months. Quick ratio should be at least more than 1. If its value is less than 1, it means that a company has insufficient cash to meet short term debts.

Current Ratio = Current Assets ÷ Current Liabilities Continue reading →